Where is palmaris longus

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Reference article, Radiopaedia. Agarwal, P. Absence of the palmaris longus tendon in Indian population. Indian J. Barkats, N. Change of agenesis rate of palmaris longus muscle in an isolated village in Ukraine. Folia Morphol. Hyperthropy of palmaris longus muscle, a rare anatomic aberration. Chong, H. Differential effects of type of keyboard playing task and tempo on surface EMG amplitudes of forearm muscles.

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Thompson, N. Absence of the palmaris longus muscle: a population study. Ulster Med. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

Its tendon, however, moves to a suprafascial plane in the lower third of the forearm and is in continuity with the longitudinal fibers of the palmar aponeurosis [ 18 ]. According to Stecco et al.

Occasionally, the PL tendon may shorten and become calcific and brittle with age, resulting in discomfort and even pain in the palm of the hand.

According to Keese et al. Moreover, Keese et al. The counterpart of the PL in the leg is the plantaris muscle, and the plantaris muscle may also play an important role in Achilles, plantaris, or calf pain syndromes [ 7 , 8 ], Smith et al.

Similar recommendations may be applied to the anatomy and motion of the PL tendon — especially with regard to age and eventual presence of the clinical symptoms.

Due to the fact that the PL muscle tendon is primarily used for grafts, Cetin et al. Therefore, the graft of this tendon should presumably have no effect on the functionality of the hand [ 17 ].

Our proposed division of types I and II into subtypes will be of value while making decisions regarding the grafting of this tendon. The tendon tended to be longer in Type I muscles, which suggests that this type may be more appropriate for tendon transfer.

This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the Type II tendon is bifurcated: when harvesting there is a risk that only one strip will be grasped and the tendon will be torn. Moreover the place where the tear may occur region of tendon splitting overlies the location where it crosses the median nerve. Therefore, an increased risk of nerve injury with the harvesting loop is associated with tearing the tendon.

Proper tendon ablation is crucial in surgical procedures. The tendon ablation starts with locating the tendon at the proximal wrist crease and making the incision; incisions are then made every 5 cm. From these short cuts, the distal tendon is removed and is pulled under the skin in the proximal direction [ 28 ].

In addition, the PL tendon is an important landmark for palm access for treating carpal tunnel syndrome, distal radial fracture and Guyon channel syndrome [ 1 , 3 , 26 ]. The median nerve might be also injured due to other causes. Although no symptoms are typically associated with the anatomic variants of the palmaris longus muscle, there are some reports which suggest that the presence of the reverse palmaris muscle may cause compression on the median nerve [ 13 , 14 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].

Therefore, a detailed evaluation of the tendon-nerve crossing point is crucial when performing such surgical procedures as median nerve repair or tendon harvesting. The proposed classification of the PL muscle presented above is a potentially significant one because the diversity of morphological variants of both the muscle belly and the insertion of PL is an important consideration when performing palmaris longus graft surgeries.

In addition, surgical procedures performed in this region require accurate knowledge of the mean distance between the interstyloid line and the crossing of the median nerve with the palmaris longus tendon.

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